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parabola
Set of points equally distant from a focus
and a directrix.
parallel
Two lines are parallel if they are in the
same plane and never intersect.
parallelogram
A quadrilateral with opposite sides parallel.
parenthesis
Marks of inclusion (symbols: (
and ) ).
pentagon
A five-sided polygon.
percent
A fraction or ratio in which the denominator
is assumed to be 100. The symbol %
is used for percent.
perfect square
A whole number that is the square of an integer.
Example: 16 is a perfect square because 4*4=16.
perimeter
The sum of the lengths of the sides of a polygon.
permutation
A way to arrange things in which order is
important.
perpendicular
Two lines are perpendicular if the angle between
them is 90 degrees.
Pi
The ratio of the circumference of a circle
to its diameter, equaling 3.1415926...
plane
A flat surface that stretches into infinity.
plane of symmetry
A plane that divides a 3-D object into 2 parts,
each a mirror image of the other.
plot
To draw or graph a point on a number line
or on a coordinate plane.
plus
Symbol indicating addition (symbol: +
).
point
A location in a plane or in space, having
no dimensions.
point-slope equation of a line
An equation of the form y-y1=m(x-x1),
where m is the slope and
(x1, y1)
is a point on the line.
polar
Expressed in terms of distance (from a point
called the pole) and angle (with a ray as
the initial side of the angle).
polygon
A closed plane figure made up of several line
segments that are joined together.
polyhedron
A three-dimensional solid that is bounded
by plane polygons.
polynomial
An algebraic expression consisting of one
or more summed terms, each term consisting
of a constant multiplier and one or more variables
raised to integral powers.
polynomial equation
An equation of the form P(x)=0, where P(x)
is a polynomial.
population
In statistics, population refers to the entire
group about which data are being collected.
positive number
A real number greater than zero.
power
A number that indicates the operation of repeated
multiplication.
prime
A number whose only factors are itself and
1.
prime factorization
Calculation of all prime factors in a number.
principal
In business, the amount lent or borrowed.
prism
A geometric solid with two bases that are
congruent, parallel polygons and all other
faces are parallelograms.
probability
For an experiment, the total number of successful
events divided by the total number of possible
events.
product
The result of two numbers being multiplied
together.
proper fraction
A fraction whose numerator is less than its
denominator.
proportion
An equation of fractions in the form: a/b=c/d
proportional
A statement of equality in which each member
is a fraction.
protractor
A device for measuring angles.
pyramid
A three-dimensional figure that has a polygon
for a base and all of the faces are triangles
having a common vertex.
Pythagorean Theorem
The theorem that relates the three sides of
a right triangle: a2+b2=c2
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